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The Shopify API gem allows Ruby developers to access the admin section of Shopify stores programmatically.
The best way to consume the Shopify API is through GraphQL, which enables high volume mutations, bulk operations, and access to all new features.
The REST API is implemented as JSON over HTTP using all four verbs (GET/POST/PUT/DELETE). Each resource, like Order, Product, or Collection, has a distinct URL and is manipulated in isolation. In other words, we’ve tried to make the API follow the REST principles as much as possible.
code
for an access token.All API usage happens through Shopify applications, created by either shop owners for their shops, or by Shopify Partners for use by other shop owners:
For more information and detailed documentation about the API visit https://developers.shopify.com/
This gem requires Ruby 2.4 as of version 7.0.
Add shopify_api
to your Gemfile
:
gem 'shopify_api'
Or install via gem
gem install shopify_api
Once the gem is installed, it must be added to your project by placing the following line in your app :
require 'shopify_api'
ShopifyAPI sessions need to be configured with a fully authorized URL of a particular store before they can start making API calls. To obtain that URL, you can follow these steps:
First, create a new application in either the partners admin or your store admin.
Private apps are used for merchant-owned scripts and apps that run silently in the background on a single shop. Private apps aren't able to render any content in the admin. Private apps are created through the store admin.
Custom apps are also used for a single shop, but they have access to app extensions that allow the app to render content in the admin and are managed and created through the partners dashboard.
Public apps can be installed on many stores, and can be added to the Shopify App Store to generate revenue for the developer.
For a private app, you'll need the API_KEY and the PASSWORD; otherwise, you'll need the API_KEY and SHARED_SECRET.
If you're not sure how to create a new application in the partner admin, visit the tutorial in our documentation. For the instructions on generating a private app, visit the tutorial on generating private credentials
For a private App you just need to set the base site url as follows:
shop_url = "https://#{API_KEY}:#{PASSWORD}@#{SHOP_NAME}.myshopify.com"
ShopifyAPI::Base.site = shop_url
ShopifyAPI::Base.api_version = '<version_name>' # find the latest stable api_version here: https://shopify.dev/concepts/about-apis/versioning
That's it; you're done! Next, skip to step 6 and start using the API!
For public and custom apps, you will need to supply two parameters to the Session class before you instantiate it:
ShopifyAPI::Session.setup(api_key: API_KEY, secret: SHARED_SECRET)
Shopify maintains omniauth-shopify-oauth2
, which simplifies and securely wraps the OAuth flow and interactions with Shopify. Using this gem is the recommended way to use OAuth authentication in your application.
Public and Custom apps need an access token from each shop to access that shop's data. Getting an access token is a two-stage process. The first stage is to redirect the merchant to a permission URL to grant access to the app.
We've added the create_permission_url
method to make this easier :
# We need to instantiate the session object before using it
shopify_session = ShopifyAPI::Session.new(domain: "#{SHOP_NAME}.myshopify.com", api_version: api_version, token: nil)
# Then, create a permission URL with the session
permission_url = shopify_session.create_permission_url(scope, "https://my_redirect_uri.com", { state: "My Nonce" })
After creating the permission URL, the user should be directed to this URL to approve the app.
Under the hood, the create_permission_url
method is preparing the app to make the following request :
GET https://SHOP_NAME.myshopify.com/admin/oauth/authorize
with the following parameters:
client_id
– Required – The API key for your appscope
– Required – The list of required scopes (explained here: https://shopify.dev/tutorials/authenticate-with-oauth#scopes)redirect_uri
– Required – The URL where you want to redirect the users after they authorize the client. The complete URL specified here must be identical to one of the Application Redirect URLs set in the app's section of the Partners dashboard.state
– Optional – A randomly selected value provided by your application, which is unique for each authorization request. During the OAuth callback phase, your application must check that this value matches the one you provided during authorization. This mechanism is essential for the security of your application.grant_options
- Optional - Set this parameter to per-user
to receive an access token that respects the user's permission level when making API requests (called online access). We strongly recommend using this parameter for embedded apps.code
for an access token.Once authorized, the shop redirects the owner to the return URL of your application with a parameter named code
. The value of this parameter is a temporary token that the app can exchange for a permanent access token.
Before you proceed, make sure your application performs the following security checks. If any of the checks fail, your application must reject the request with an error, and must not proceed further.
1) Ensure the provided state
is the same one that your application provided to Shopify in the previous step.
2) Ensure the provided hmac is valid. The hmac is signed by Shopify, as explained below in the Verification section.
3) Ensure the provided hostname parameter is a valid hostname, ends with myshopify.com, and does not contain characters other than letters (a-z), numbers (0-9), dots, and hyphens.
If all security checks pass, the authorization code can be exchanged once for a permanent access token. There is a method to make the request and get the token for you. Pass all the params received from the previous call and the method will verify the params, extract the temp code and then request your token:
token = shopify_session.request_token(params)
This method will save the token to the session object and return it. All fields returned by Shopify, other than the access token itself, are stored in the session's extra
attribute. For a list of all fields returned by Shopify, read our OAuth documentation.
If you prefer to exchange the token manually, you can make a POST request to the shop with the following parameters :
POST https://SHOP_NAME.myshopify.com/admin/oauth/access_token
client_id
– Required – The API key for your appclient_secret
– Required – The shared secret for your appcode
– Required – The token you received in step 3You'll get your permanent access token back in the response.
If you requested an access token that is associated with a specific user, you can retrieve information about this user from the extra
hash:
# a list of all granted scopes
granted_scopes = shopify_session.extra['scope']
# a hash containing the user information
user = shopify_session.extra['associated_user']
# the access scopes available to this user, which may be a subset of the access scopes granted to this app.
active_scopes = shopify_session.extra['associated_user_scope']
# the time at which this token expires; this is automatically converted from 'expires_in' returned by Shopify
expires_at = shopify_session.extra['expires_at']
For the security of your application, after retrieving an access token, you must validate the following:
1) The list of scopes in shopify_session.extra['scope']
is the same as you requested.
2) If you requested an online-mode access token, shopify_session.extra['associated_user']
must be present.
Failing either of these tests means the end-user may have tampered with the URL parameters during the OAuth authentication phase. You should avoid using this access token and revoke it immediately. If you use the omniauth-shopify-oauth2
gem, these checks are done automatically for you.
Once you have a token, simply pass in the token
and extra
hash (optional) when creating the session object:
shopify_session = ShopifyAPI::Session.new(domain: "#{SHOP_NAME}.myshopify.com", token: token, api_version: api_version, extra: extra)
The session must be activated before use:
ShopifyAPI::Base.activate_session(shopify_session)
The GraphQL API is the recommended way to consume the Shopify API. It is more fully-featured than REST, more performant, and future-proof. Whenever possible, GraphQL should be used to consume the Shopify API.
This library also supports Shopify's GraphQL Admin API
via integration with the graphql-client gem.
The authentication process (steps 1-5 under Getting Started)
is identical. Once your session is activated, simply access the GraphQL client
and use parse
and query
as defined by
graphql-client.
client = ShopifyAPI::GraphQL.client
SHOP_NAME_QUERY = client.parse <<-'GRAPHQL'
{
shop {
name
}
}
GRAPHQL
result = client.query(SHOP_NAME_QUERY)
result.data.shop.name
Responses to REST requests are returned as ActiveResource instances:
shop = ShopifyAPI::Shop.current
# Get a specific product
product = ShopifyAPI::Product.find(179761209)
# Create a new product
new_product = ShopifyAPI::Product.new
new_product.title = "Burton Custom Freestlye 151"
new_product.product_type = "Snowboard"
new_product.vendor = "Burton"
new_product.save
# Update a product
product.handle = "burton-snowboard"
product.save
Alternatively, you can use #temp to initialize a Session and execute a command which also handles temporarily setting ActiveResource::Base.site:
products = ShopifyAPI::Session.temp(domain: "#{SHOP_NAME}.myshopify.com", token: token, api_version: api_version) do
ShopifyAPI::Product.find(:all)
end
If you would like to run a small number of calls against a different API version you can use this block syntax:
ShopifyAPI::Session.temp(domain: "#{SHOP_NAME}.myshopify.com", token: token, api_version: '2019-04') do
ShopifyAPI::Product.find(:all) # find call against version `2019-04`
ShopifyAPI::Session.with_version(:unstable) do
ShopifyAPI::Product.find(:all) # find call against version `unstable`
end
ShopifyAPI::Product.find(:all) # find call against version `2019-04`
end
If you want to work with another shop, you'll first need to clear the session:
ShopifyAPI::Base.clear_session
This package also supports the shopify-api
executable to make it easy to open up an interactive console to use the API with a shop.
shopify_api_console
gem.gem install shopify_api_console
Obtain a private API key and password to use with your shop (step 2A in "Getting Started")
Use the shopify-api
script to save the credentials for the shop to quickly login.
shopify-api add yourshopname
Follow the prompts for the shop domain, API key and password.
shopify-api console
shopify-api help
ActiveResource is threadsafe as of version 4.1 (which works with Rails 4.x and above).
If you were previously using Shopify's activeresource fork, then you should remove it and use ActiveResource 4.1.
With the GraphQL Admin API, you can use bulk operations to asynchronously fetch data in bulk. The API is designed to reduce complexity and improve performance when dealing with large volumes of data.
Instead of manually paginating results and managing a client-side throttle, you can instead run a bulk query operation. Shopify’s infrastructure does the hard work of executing your query, and then provides you with a URL where you can download all of the data.
Apps are limited to running a single bulk operation at a time per shop. When the operation is complete, the results are delivered in the form of a JSONL file that Shopify makes available at a URL.
The following mutation queries the products connection and returns each product's ID and title.
client = ShopifyAPI::GraphQL.client
PRODUCTS_BULK_QUERY = client.parse <<-'GRAPHQL'
mutation {
bulkOperationRunQuery(
query: """
{
products {
edges {
node {
id
title
}
}
}
}
"""
) {
bulkOperation {
id
status
}
userErrors {
field
message
}
}
}
GRAPHQL
result = client.query(PRODUCTS_BULK_QUERY)
While the operation is running, you need to poll to see its progress using the currentBulkOperation
field. The objectCount
field increments to indicate the operation's progress, and the status
field returns whether the operation is completed.
BULK_POLL_QUERY = client.parse <<-'GRAPHQL'
query {
currentBulkOperation {
id
status
errorCode
createdAt
completedAt
objectCount
fileSize
url
partialDataUrl
}
}
GRAPHQL
result = client.query(BULK_POLL_QUERY)
The JSON response of a completed query will look like this :
{
"data": {
"currentBulkOperation": {
"id": "gid:\/\/shopify\/BulkOperation\/720918",
"status": "COMPLETED",
"errorCode": null,
"createdAt": "2019-08-29T17:16:35Z",
"completedAt": "2019-08-29T17:23:25Z",
"objectCount": "57",
"fileSize": "358",
"url": "https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/shopify\/dyfkl3g72empyyoenvmtidlm9o4g?<params>",
"partialDataUrl": null
}
},
...
}
Since bulk operations are specifically designed to fetch large datasets, we’ve chosen the JSON Lines (JSONL) format for the response data so that clients have more flexibility in how they consume the data. JSONL is similar to JSON, but each line is a valid JSON object. The file can be parsed one line at a time by using file streaming functionality to avoid issues with memory consumption.
A JSONL output file is available for download at the URL specified in the url
field when the operation completes.
Each line in the file is a node object returned in a connection. If a node has a nested connection, then each child node is extracted into a new object on the next line. Below is an example of a JSONL file.
{"id":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569226808"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/ProductVariant/19435458986040","title":"70","__parentId":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569226808"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569259576"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/ProductVariant/19435459018808","title":"34","__parentId":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569259576"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569292344"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/ProductVariant/19435459051576","title":"Default Title","__parentId":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569292344"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569325112"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/ProductVariant/19435459084344","title":"36","__parentId":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569325112"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569357880"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/ProductVariant/19435459117112","title":"47","__parentId":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569357880"}
{"id":"gid://shopify/ProductVariant/19435458986123","title":"52","__parentId":"gid://shopify/Product/1921569226808"}
Here's a simple example in Ruby to demonstrate the proper way of loading and parsing a JSONL file:
# Efficient: reads the file a single line at a time
File.open(file) do |f|
f.each do |line|
JSON.parse(line)
end
end
# Inefficient: reads the entire file into memory
jsonl = File.read(file)
jsonl.each_line do |line|
JSON.parse(line)
end
Shopify uses Relative cursor-based pagination to provide more than a single page of results.
products = ShopifyAPI::Product.find(:all, params: { limit: 50 })
process_products(products)
while products.next_page?
products = products.fetch_next_page
process_products(products)
end
If you want cursor-based pagination to work across page loads, or wish to distribute workload across multiple background jobs, you can use #next_page_info or #previous_page_info methods that return strings:
first_batch_products = ShopifyAPI::Product.find(:all, params: { limit: 50 })
second_batch_products = ShopifyAPI::Product.find(:all, params: { limit: 50, page_info: first_batch_products.next_page_info })
...
Relative cursor pagination is currently available for all endpoints using the 2019-10
and later API versions.
Apps using older versions of the API may have used page-based pagination (deprecated starting in 2019-10) :
page = 1
products = ShopifyAPI::Product.find(:all, params: { limit: 50, page: page })
process_products(products)
while(products.count == 50)
page += 1
products = ShopifyAPI::Product.find(:all, params: { limit: 50, page: page })
process_products(products)
end
Version 7.0.0 introduced ApiVersion, and known versions were hardcoded into the gem. Manually defining API versions is no longer required for versions not listed in the gem. Version 8.0.0 removes the following:
ShopifyAPI::ApiVersion::Unstable
ShopifyAPI::ApiVersion::Release
ShopifyAPI::ApiVersion.define_version
The following methods on ApiVersion
have been deprecated:
.coerce_to_version
deprecated. use .find_version
.define_known_versions
deprecated. Use .fetch_known_versions
.clear_defined_versions
deprecated. Use. .clear_known_versions
.latest_stable_version
deprecated. Use ShopifyAPI::Meta.admin_versions.find(&:latest_supported)
(this fetches info from Shopify servers. No authentication required.)#name
deprecated. Use #handle
#stable?
deprecated. Use #supported?
Version 8.0.0 introduces a version lookup mode. By default, ShopifyAPI::ApiVersion.version_lookup_mode
is :define_on_unknown
. When setting the api_version on Session
or Base
, the api_version
attribute takes a version handle (i.e. '2019-07'
or :unstable
) and sets an instance of ShopifyAPI::ApiVersion
matching the handle. When the version_lookup_mode is set to :define_on_unknown
, any handle will naïvely create a new ApiVersion
if the version is not in the known versions returned by ShopifyAPI::ApiVersion.versions
.
To ensure you're setting only known and active versions, call :
ShopifyAPI::ApiVersion.version_lookup_mode = :raise_on_unknown
ShopifyAPI::ApiVersion.fetch_known_versions
Known and active versions are fetched from https://app.shopify.com/services/apis.json and cached. Trying to use a version outside this cached set will raise an error. To switch back to naïve lookup and create a version if one is not found, call ShopifyAPI::ApiVersion.version_lookup_mode = :define_on_unknown
.
When creating sessions, api_version
is now required and uses keyword arguments.
To upgrade your use of ShopifyAPI you will need to make the following changes.
ShopifyAPI::Session.new(domain, token, extras)
is now
ShopifyAPI::Session.new(domain: domain, token: token, api_version: api_version, extras: extras)
Note extras
is still optional. The other arguments are required.
ShopifyAPI::Session.temp(domain, token, extras) do
...
end
is now
ShopifyAPI::Session.temp(domain: domain, token: token, api_version: api_version) do
...
end
For example, if you want to use the 2019-04
version, you will create a session like this:
session = ShopifyAPI::Session.new(domain: domain, token: token, api_version: '2019-04')
if you want to use the unstable
version, you will create a session like this:
session = ShopifyAPI::Session.new(domain: domain, token: token, api_version: :unstable)
If you have defined or customized Resources, classes that extend ShopifyAPI::Base
:
The use of self.prefix =
has been deprecated; you should now use self.resource =
and not include /admin
.
For example, if you specified a prefix like this before:
class MyResource < ShopifyAPI::Base
self.prefix = '/admin/shop/'
end
You will update this to:
class MyResource < ShopifyAPI::Base
self.resource_prefix = 'shop/'
end
If you have specified any full paths for API calls in find
def self.current(options={})
find(:one, options.merge(from: "/admin/shop.#{format.extension}"))
end
would be changed to
def self.current(options = {})
find(:one, options.merge(
from: api_version.construct_api_path("shop.#{format.extension}")
))
end
authorize
, getting the access_token
from a code, access_scopes
, and using a refresh_token
have not changed.
/admin/oauth/authorize
/admin/oauth/access_token
/admin/oauth/access_scopes
/admin/product/<id>
Download the source code and run:
bundle install
bundle exec rake test
or if you'd rather use docker just run:
docker run -it --name shopify_api -v "$PWD:/shopify_api" -w="/shopify_api" ruby:2.6 bundle install
docker exec -it shopify_api bash
or you can even use our automated rake task for docker:
bundle exec rake docker
Enable ActiveResource's logger with
export SHOPIFY_LOG_PATH={your_log_path}
This will log to a file at the given path, relative to the current project directory.
Copyright (c) 2014 "Shopify Inc.". See LICENSE for details.